Hallucination & Guardrails

• ✓Name the specific reason a model hallucinated — missing grounding, missing abstention pressure, or both
• ✓Walk the real mitigation ladder and know what each rung actually stops, not just what it's called
• ✓Tell a mitigation that reduces real risk apart from one that only hides it in a demo
• ✓Write a guardrail memo sized to the actual stakes, with residual risk stated honestly

Diagnose why a system confidently made something up, and size the fix to the stakes instead of guessing at "more guardrails."